现代文阅读题型|阅读题型之细节题

一、细节题来源：
　　细节题就是针对文章中的细节所出的考题。这些事实和细节主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数据、主要的时间和地点。
　　有一些方法可以准确地找到细节和事实：
　　A．找到中心思想，那么支持中心思想的事实与细节就自然显现出来了(转载 于:wwW.BjylD.com 月亮岛 教育网: 现代文阅读题型|阅读题型之细节题)。
　　B．要明确所有事实和细节并不是同等重要的。与中心思想相联系的事实和细节是重要的事实和细节；与中心思想无关，只是引起兴趣的事实和细节是次要的事实和细节。要把重要的事实和细节分开，因为，出题的地方一般是重要的事实与细节，这样次要的部分就可以略去不阅读了。
　　C．寻找段落的构成及信息的排列形式。
　　D．要把作者的观点与事实分开。
　　E．在阅读的过程中要给自己提问(Who?Where?When?What or what happened?＆Why?)
　　F．最后，要迅速地检查一下所找到的事实与细节，并加以总结。
　　细节题主要命题方式有：
　　According to the passage，it is…that…
　　The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
　　根据分类，细节题一般有以下几种形式：
　　1．词性、同义词、反义词的转换，这类题主要考查读者对原文表达细节信息的词汇、惯用法的正确理解，这是相对比较简单的题目，只要在原文中找到支持选项的词语即可。
　　2．同时利用词语和句法的转换。这类题目的正确选项与原文的表达不尽相同，一般会在词语或句型上有变化，比如原文用的是双重否定，选项中常常出现肯定的句式；或原文与选项互换反义词。解这类题的关键也是要找对考点，因为无论怎样变化，原文表达具体事实和细节的信息与问题加选项的信息在意思上一定是相同的。
　　3．综合细节题。需要将文章的信息与自己对主题的原有观点和判断相结合，综合概括作者给出的各种细节。
　　4．排除型题型。要仔细找到每个选项的出处，一个一个地排除，这种题型没有技巧可言，只要仔细就可以做对。
　　例如：
　　A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
　　The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
　　week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
　　1. Surat was a______
　　A)big and crowed city.
　　B)poor and densely populated city.
　　C) city with a long history of plague.
　　D)busy city with narrow streets.
　　综合细节题型，第一段三处分别提到了Surat是一个贫穷且人口密集的城市，综合得出B)为正确选项。
　　2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
　　A) The cause of bubonic plague.
　　B)The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
　　C)The measures taken by the officials.
　　D)The first time the plague hit India.
　　排除型题型，第一段和第二段分别提到了A)、B)、C)选项的内容，故排除D)，所以D)也就是正确答案。。(转 载于:Www.bjYLd.com 月 亮岛教育网: 现代文阅读题型|阅读题型之细节题)