现代文阅读题型_阅读题型之推断题

四、推断题
　　主要的提问方式有：
　　It can be inferred from the passage that________．
　　1t is implied in the passage that_______．
　　It is implied but not stated：_______．
　　推断题有一定的难度，在解决时要结合文章的主旨大意，从语篇层面上把握全文，同时要利用相关部分的背景知识，甚至常识推理。不能死抠字面意思，也不可以主观臆断，还有一点就是必须区分事实和观点。
　　例如：
　　Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
　　QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
　　A)the search for truth
　　B) an objective attitude toward reality
　　C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
　　D) a system of logical thinking rules
　　Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
　　A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
　　Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
　　A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
　　Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
　　A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
　　Q1：在选文中，单词dialectic的大意是：A)：对真理的探索；B)：对现实的客观态度；C)：逆来顺受；D)：辩证法的体系。根据上下文，正确答案应该是选项D)，其他选项都不对。
　　Q2：句子二中inexpedient一词的含义是不便的，不明智的。所给的四个选项的意思分别是：A)：无故的；B)：明智的；C)：不现实的；D)：效率高的。从文章和句子中可以看出，正确答案是选项c)。其他选项都不对。
　　Q3：作者称辩证法可以帮助一个人分析不诚实的“stratagems”(转 载于:Www.Bjyld.com 月 亮岛教育网: 现代文阅读题型_阅读题型之推断题)。所给四个选项的意思分别是：A)：统计学；B)：工具；C)：态度；D)：手势。在本文中stratagem应为“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正确答案是选项B)，其他选项都不对。
　　Q4：当作者暗示说他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的这种驱动力是：A)：自然的；B)：邪恶的；C)：错误的；D)：理论的。考生可以从innate天生的，固有的，一词推知答案是选项A)，其他选项都不对。
　　又如：1990年1月试题第31题
　　31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
　　A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
　　B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
　　C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
　　D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
　　答案选D)。这是一道需要自己推断结论的题，在文中没有现成的答案。文章中提到约一百年前只有1／5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇佣意味着在工厂或农场当劳力，而今天只有1／5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇员中受过教育的中产阶级的数目越来越大，由此推出50年前的雇员中知识分子的比例远远小于产业工人。
　　有的考生往往把推理题想得太难，于是就天马行空地乱推，一般推一步就可以得到结论了，最多都不要推过两层意思。。(转载 于:Www.bjYlD.com 月亮岛教育网 : 现代文阅读题型_阅读题型之推断题)